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Parasite-mediated microhabitat segregation between congeneric hosts.

Olwyn C Friesen1, Robert Poulin2, Clément Lagrue2

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand olwynfriesen@gmail.com.

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Parasites can alter how competing species use habitats. A trematode parasite influenced the microhabitat choices of the isopod species Austridotea lacustris, affecting its distribution and competition dynamics.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Parasitology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Parasites can mediate interspecific competition, influencing community structure and host distribution.
  • Congeneric isopods, Austridotea annectens and Austridotea lacustris, share resources but exhibit distinct microhabitat preferences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of a trematode parasite in mediating microhabitat use between A. annectens and A. lacustris.
  • To understand how parasite infection influences habitat segregation and competitive outcomes in these isopod species.

Main Methods:

  • Mesocosm experiments were conducted with varying conditions of competition and parasite presence.
  • Microhabitat selection and distribution patterns of A. annectens and A. lacustris were observed and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A. annectens consistently preferred a specific microhabitat, irrespective of competition or infection.
  • A. lacustris displayed altered habitat selection based on the presence and infection status of A. annectens, favoring sandy habitats with uninfected competitors and rocky habitats with infected competitors.

Conclusions:

  • Parasites can indirectly affect the distribution and microhabitat use of non-host competing species.
  • This study demonstrates a super-extended phenotype, where a parasite influences the behavior of a species it does not infect, mediating competition.