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Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures02:07

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
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Facial Fracture-Associated Blindness.

Rasmané Béogo1, Toua Antoine Coulibaly1, Mariam Traoré Dolo2

  • 1Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Blindness from facial fractures is rare but serious. Intentional injuries and naso-fronto-orbito-ethmoidal fractures significantly increase blindness risk, often due to globe rupture, with no vision recovery observed.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Facial Reconstruction

Background:

  • Blindness can be an uncommon yet severe consequence of facial fractures.
  • Understanding the risk factors and outcomes associated with facial fracture-induced blindness is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, mechanisms, fracture types, and outcomes of blindness associated with facial fractures over a 10-year period.
  • To identify specific fracture patterns and injury types that elevate the risk of blindness.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 907 patients with facial fractures over a 10-year period.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, injury mechanisms, fracture classifications, and visual outcomes.
  • Statistical analysis to determine significant risk factors for blindness.

Main Results:

  • A frequency of 1.1% blindness was observed in 10 out of 907 facial fracture patients.
  • Intentional injuries (P = 0.02) and naso-fronto-orbito-ethmoidal complex fractures (P = 0.03) were significantly associated with higher blindness risk.
  • Globe rupture or perforation was the predominant mechanism of vision loss (8 eyes), with no reported vision recovery after attempted treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation is recommended for all patients with orbit wall fractures.
  • Early recognition and management of potential vision-threatening injuries in facial trauma are critical.