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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
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Health Information Technology and Healthcare Information System01:30

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Health Information Technology (HIT)
Health Information Technology, commonly called HIT, integrates advanced information systems and technology in healthcare settings. Its primary functions include:
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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Protein and Protein Structure02:15

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Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array
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New Insights into the Tumor Microenvironment Utilizing Protein Array Technology.

Wei Huang1,2, Shuhong Luo3,4,5, Rob Burgess6

  • 1RayBiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, 79 Ruihe Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510600, China. w_huang@Raybiotech.cn.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein arrays offer a powerful method for analyzing the tumor microenvironment (TME). This technology helps researchers understand intercellular communication and identify pathways driving tumor growth and drug resistance.

Keywords:
antibody arraycancercancer stem cellmicroarrayprotein arraytumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and heterogeneous system crucial for cancer progression.
  • Intercellular communication within the TME, mediated by soluble proteins, influences tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review protein array technologies and their utility in TME analysis.
  • To explore how protein arrays can elucidate functional mechanisms and pathways within the TME.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of protein array technologies for high-throughput protein detection.
  • Analysis of recent data demonstrating the application of protein arrays in TME research.

Main Results:

  • Protein arrays enable the parallel detection of hundreds of proteins from small biological samples.
  • These arrays provide valuable insights into the structure and functional mechanisms of the TME.

Conclusions:

  • Protein array technology is a valuable tool for dissecting the complex TME.
  • Understanding TME pathways through protein arrays can inform strategies against cancer progression and drug resistance.