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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation
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Diaphragmatic Palsy.

Laxmi Kokatnur1,2,3, Mohan Rudrappa4,5,6

  • 1Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 711031, USA. drlaxmisk@gmail.com.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Diaphragmatic palsy, or diaphragm weakness, can cause respiratory failure. Diagnosis is aided by pulmonary function tests and ultrasound, with treatments including surgery or ventilation, leading to a generally good prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The diaphragm is crucial for respiration; its weakness can lead to respiratory failure.
  • Phrenic nerve injury during thoracic surgery is a common cause of diaphragmatic palsy.
  • Symptoms range from asymptomatic to severe dyspnea requiring mechanical ventilation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diaphragmatic palsy.
  • To highlight the utility of thoracic ultrasound in diagnosing diaphragmatic palsy.
  • To discuss the prognosis associated with diaphragmatic palsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on diaphragmatic palsy.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including pulmonary function tests, fluoroscopy, and thoracic ultrasound.
Keywords:
diaphragmatic palsyphrenic nerve injurypulmonary function testsrespiratory failure

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  • Overview of treatment options such as surgical repair and noninvasive ventilation.

    • Main Results:

    • Pulmonary function tests show decreased respiratory muscle power and lung function, especially in the supine position.
    • Thoracic ultrasound is an effective, radiation-free alternative to fluoroscopy for assessing diaphragmatic excursion.
    • Both surgical and non-surgical treatments can be successful.

    Conclusions:

    • Diaphragmatic palsy has diverse causes and presentations.
    • Thoracic ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic tool.
    • Prognosis is generally favorable, barring underlying neuromuscular conditions.