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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
Published on: October 5, 2019
Photostabilization strategies of photosensitive drugs
L Coelho1, I F Almeida1, J M Sousa Lobo1
1Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, n. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Purpose:
Several active compounds are sensitive to light, especially to the ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) leading to their degradation or modification, with lost or decrease of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review regarding photostabilization strategies used on health products and perform a critical appraisal of their effectiveness.
Results:
The bibliographic search identified 2261 results and merely 40 studies met the selection criteria. Of these, 85% referred to encapsulation strategies, 10% to antioxidants and 5% to the use of solar filters. Cyclodextrins (CD's) were the most used encapsulation systems (32.5%) followed by liposomes and lipid nanoparticles (each 17.5%), microparticles (15%) and polymeric nanoparticles (10%). The most effective were found to be liposomes and lipid nanoparticles. However, the different methodological conditions used limit the true relevance of this finding.
Conclusions:
A gold standard strategy suitable for all compounds cannot be proposed. Instead, case-by-case evaluation, supported on the photodegradation mechanism is recommended. Systematic studies that compare different photostabilization strategies undertaken with the same irradiation conditions are also needed.
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