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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
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ALV Integration-Associated Hypomethylation at the TERT Promoter Locus.

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Avian leukosis virus (ALV) integration in the TERT promoter region of chickens disrupts DNA methylation. This epigenetic change is linked to increased TERT expression and B-cell lymphoma development.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Avian leukosis virus (ALV) causes B-cell lymphoma through insertional mutagenesis.
  • The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter is a common integration site linked to tumorigenesis.
  • Increased TERT expression in tumors with TERT promoter integrations requires mechanistic explanation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if ALV proviral DNA insertion perturbs the epigenome at the integration site.
  • To determine the impact on the regulation of neighboring genes, specifically TERT.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of TERT activation by ALV.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of allele-specific DNA methylation patterns using bisulfite sequencing.
  • Examination of genomic DNA from chicken tumors with known TERT promoter integrations.
  • Correlation of integration sites with TERT expression levels.

Main Results:

  • Alleles with TERT promoter integrations showed decreased DNA methylation near the integration site.
  • ALV insertion appears to inhibit maintenance methylation in the TERT promoter region.
  • This epigenetic alteration is associated with elevated TERT expression.

Conclusions:

  • ALV insertion into the TERT promoter region can lead to B-cell lymphoma by altering host epigenetics.
  • Inhibition of DNA methylation at the TERT promoter is a key mechanism for TERT upregulation.
  • Understanding this mechanism provides insights into retroviral oncogenesis.