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Related Concept Videos

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Related Experiment Video

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Multiparametric Optical Mapping of the Langendorff-perfused Rabbit Heart
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RHYTHM: An Open Source Imaging Toolkit for Cardiac Panoramic Optical Mapping.

Christopher Gloschat1, Kedar Aras1, Shubham Gupta1

  • 1The George Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington, 20052, USA.

Scientific Reports
|February 15, 2018
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Summary

Researchers developed an open-source toolkit for panoramic optical mapping, enabling comprehensive 3D cardiac electrical activity visualization. This accessible system overcomes previous limitations in studying arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Optical Imaging

Background:

  • Traditional monocular optical mapping offers high spatial resolution but is limited to 2D views.
  • Tracking 3D cardiac electrical waves, crucial for understanding arrhythmias, is challenging with 2D systems.
  • Panoramic imaging overcomes 2D limitations but requires significant expertise and resources, hindering accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an accessible, open-source toolkit for constructing panoramic optical mapping systems.
  • To lower the barrier to entry for researchers studying complex cardiac electrical phenomena.
  • To enable comprehensive 3D visualization of cardiac electrical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an open-source toolkit including 3D-printable hardware designs.
  • Integration of software for data processing and analysis of panoramic optical mapping data.
  • Demonstration of the system on ex vivo mammalian hearts (mouse, rat, rabbit).

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of a panoramic optical mapping system using the open-source toolkit.
  • Demonstrated ability to capture comprehensive 3D cardiac electrical wave propagation.
  • The toolkit proved effective across different species (mouse, rat, rabbit).

Conclusions:

  • The open-source toolkit democratizes panoramic optical mapping for cardiac electrophysiology research.
  • This approach facilitates advanced study of arrhythmias and other 3D electrical phenomena.
  • The system provides a cost-effective and accessible solution for the biomedical research community.