Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

As depicted in Figure 1, base-catalyzed aldol addition involves adding two carbonyl compounds in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.

Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

The aldol reaction of a ketone under acidic conditions successfully forms an unsaturated carbonyl as the final product instead of an aldol. The acid-catalyzed aldol reaction is depicted in Figure 1.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

[Risk factors on the unintentional injuries among rural children aged 0-12 in Shaanxi province].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2013

Same author

Adcyap1r1 genotype, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression among women exposed to childhood maltreatment.

Depression and anxiety·2013

Same author

Current status and challenge of Human Parasitology teaching in China.

Pathogens and global health·2012

Same author

Molecular characterization of heterogeneous mesenchymal stem cells with single-cell transcriptomes.

Biotechnology advances·2012

Same author

Surgical treatment of ossification of the ligamentum flavum associated with dural ossification in the thoracic spine.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2012

Same author

Broadband focusing ultrasonic transducers based on dimpled LiNbO3 plate with inversion layer.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

Progress in copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation.

Guan-Bao Li¹, Chao Zhang¹, Chun Song¹

¹School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, PR China.

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry

|February 15, 2018

Summary

Recent advances in copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation are reviewed. This summary covers new methods using nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radical trifluoromethylation reagents for organic synthesis.

Keywords:

copper fluorine trifluoromethylation

More Related Videos

Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders

Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders

Published on: April 28, 2023

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Published on: July 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders

Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders

Published on: April 28, 2023

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Published on: July 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Catalysis
Fluorine Chemistry

Background:

Trifluoromethyl groups are important in pharmaceuticals and materials science.
Developing efficient trifluoromethylation methods is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation.
To cover methods utilizing nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radical trifluoromethylating reagents.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation.
Categorization of methods based on the type of trifluoromethylating reagent.

Main Results:

Significant progress has been made in copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation over the past five years.
Diverse trifluoromethylation strategies have emerged, employing various reagent types.

Conclusions:

Copper catalysis offers versatile pathways for introducing trifluoromethyl groups into organic molecules.
Continued development in this field promises broader applications in synthesis.