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Related Concept Videos

DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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Recombinant DNA

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Overview
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DNA Replication02:40

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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Highly Stretchable DNA/Clay Hydrogels with Self-Healing Ability.

Ahmet T Uzumcu1, Orhan Guney1, Oguz Okay1

  • 1Departments of Chemistry and Polymer Science & Technology , Istanbul Technical University , Maslak, 34469 Istanbul , Turkey.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed strong, self-healing clay hydrogels using DNA and a synthetic polymer. These advanced materials exhibit remarkable stretchability and can fully recover their mechanical properties after damage through a simple heating process.

Keywords:
DNAclaymechanical propertiesnanocomposite hydrogelsself-healing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogels are versatile materials with applications in various fields.
  • Developing self-healing and mechanically robust hydrogels remains a significant challenge.
  • The integration of biomolecules like DNA offers novel pathways for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create mechanically strong and self-healable clay hydrogels.
  • To investigate the role of double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) and clay nanoparticles in hydrogel properties.
  • To explore the self-healing mechanism and mechanical enhancement through thermal cycling.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of hydrogels using clay nanoparticles, ds-DNA, and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide).
  • Characterization of mechanical properties using cyclic tensile tests.
  • Assessment of self-healing capabilities through thermal treatment.
  • Analysis of DNA's behavior within the hydrogel network via thermal denaturation/renaturation.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogels demonstrated high stretchability (up to 1500%) and tensile strength (20-150 kPa).
  • Self-healing was achieved by heating above ds-DNA melting temperature, with healing efficiency exceeding 100%.
  • Intermolecular bonds in DNA/clay hydrogels were comparable to hydrogen bonds.
  • Thermal cycling of ds-DNA improved hydrogel mechanical properties.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of clay nanoparticles and ds-DNA yields robust and self-healing hydrogels.
  • ds-DNA acts as a key component for viscoelastic energy dissipation and self-healing.
  • The developed hydrogels show potential for applications requiring durable and repairable soft materials.