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Related Concept Videos

Pulse01:16

Pulse

2.2K
When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
2.2K
Pulse01:05

Pulse

4.2K
The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
4.2K
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

1.8K
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
1.8K
Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

1.4K
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
1.4K
Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

2.3K
Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
2.3K
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

1.4K
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
1.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Building a Simple and Versatile Illumination System for Optogenetic Experiments
06:41

Building a Simple and Versatile Illumination System for Optogenetic Experiments

Published on: January 12, 2021

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Optogenetic Control by Pulsed Illumination.

Julia Hennemann1, Roman S Iwasaki2, Tamara N Grund1

  • 1Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Universität Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|February 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a programmable light system to precisely control optogenetic circuits. Varying light pulse frequency offers a new way to manage gene expression and multiplex light-activated systems.

Keywords:
gene expressionoptogeneticsphotobiologysensorssynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Optogenetics and Photobiology
  • Cellular and Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sensory photoreceptors act as light-gated actuators in optogenetics.
  • Optogenetic circuit output is controllable via illumination quality, quantity, and duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of light pulse frequency on optogenetic circuit responses.
  • To develop a method for precise, noninvasive control of cellular events using light.

Main Methods:

  • A programmable matrix of light-emitting diodes was used to test optogenetic systems.
  • Intermittent light of varying intensity and pulse frequency was applied.
  • Responses of light-regulated gene expression circuits were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Optogenetic circuits showed distinct responses to pulsed illumination of a single color.
  • Sequential triggering of circuits was achieved using pulsed light.
  • Light pulse frequency emerged as a key variable for output control.

Conclusions:

  • Pulsed illumination offers a novel control parameter beyond light intensity and duration in optogenetics.
  • This approach enables reduced light dosage and multiplexing of light-dependent actuators.
  • The findings advance precise spatiotemporal control of cellular functions using light.