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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
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Is Source Information Automatically Available in Working Memory?

Hui Chen1, Richard A Carlson2, Brad Wyble2

  • 11 Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University.

Psychological Science
|February 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Source amnesia, or forgetting where information came from, is common in short-term working memory (WM). This study shows source information is often not stored in WM, even immediately after encoding.

Keywords:
attentionepisodic memoryfalse memoryopen dataopen materialsshort-term memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Source amnesia is well-documented in long-term memory.
  • Its occurrence in short-term working memory (WM) is less understood, raising questions about encoding versus forgetting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether source amnesia can arise from a lack of memory encoding in working memory.
  • To demonstrate the inability to recall the source of recently encoded information in WM.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed tasks involving color representations and word identities.
  • They repeatedly judged congruency between visual and semantic color information.
  • Unexpected recall of the color representation's source was then tested.

Main Results:

  • Participants frequently failed to report the source of a color representation immediately after its use and storage in WM.
  • This occurred regardless of whether stimuli were from a single object or distinct objects.

Conclusions:

  • Source information is often not encoded or stored within short-term working memory.
  • Findings challenge traditional views of memory encoding and suggest limitations in WM's capacity for source details.