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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Vision Training Methods for Sports Concussion Mitigation and Management
Published on: May 5, 2015
Vision testing is additive to the sideline assessment of sports-related concussion
Zoe Marinides1, Kristin M Galetta1, Connie N Andrews1
1Departments of Neurology (ZM, SLG, LJB) and Population Health (LJB), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (KMG, JAW, SLG, LJB), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University of Florida Sports Medicine Fellowship, Department of Community Health and Family Medicine (DCH, CDR, MSS, BCB, JRC) and Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (DCH, MSS), University of Florida College of Medicine; and University of Florida Athletic Association (CNA, JRC) Gainesville.
Abstract:
We examined the King-Devick (K-D) test, a vision-based test of rapid number naming, as a complement to components of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition (SCAT3) for diagnosis of concussion. Baseline and postconcussion data for the University of Florida men's football, women's soccer, and women's lacrosse teams were collected, including the K-D test, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). Among 30 athletes with first concussion during their athletic season (n = 217 total), differences from baseline to postinjury showed worsening of K-D time scores in 79%, while SAC showed a ≥2-point worsening in 52%. Combining K-D and SAC captured abnormalities in 89%; adding the BESS identified 100% of concussions. Adding a vision-based test may enhance the detection of athletes with concussion.
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