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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Ageing with HIV.

Padraig McGettrick1,2, Elena Alvarez Barco3, Patrick W G Mallon4,5

  • 1HIV Molecular Research Group, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. padraig.mcgettrick@ucd.ie.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The number of people living with HIV (PLWH) over 50 is rapidly increasing. This review examines age-related illnesses and comorbidities in this growing population.

Keywords:
HIVageingcardiovascular diseasecognitive impairmentfrailtyinflammationmalignancynon-AIDS illness

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The global population of people living with HIV (PLWH) is aging, with over 4 million individuals now over 50 years old.
  • Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to increased longevity but also a rise in age-related non-AIDS illnesses (NAI) in PLWH.
  • PLWH experience higher rates of comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, malignancies, cognitive impairment, and reduced bone density compared to the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges posed by comorbidities in aging PLWH.
  • To discuss the etiology and management of age-related illnesses in this vulnerable demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on aging populations with HIV.
  • Analysis of data on the prevalence and impact of non-AIDS illnesses in PLWH.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of comorbidity management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Aging PLWH face a complex interplay of comorbidities impacting daily functioning and overall health.
  • Age-related conditions manifest differently and may be exacerbated by HIV, even with effective ART.
  • There is a critical need for tailored management approaches for age-related diseases in PLWH.

Conclusions:

  • Aging with HIV presents unique health challenges due to increased prevalence of age-related comorbidities.
  • Comprehensive and individualized care strategies are essential for improving the quality of life for older PLWH.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the long-term management of non-AIDS illnesses in this population.