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The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs
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Working dogs transfer different tasks in reciprocal cooperation.

Nastassja Gfrerer1, Michael Taborsky2

  • 1Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Bern, Switzerland nastassja.rieder@iee.unibe.ch.

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|February 16, 2018
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Summary

Working dogs demonstrate direct reciprocity by transferring help across different cooperative tasks. They reciprocate aid from partners who previously helped them, even with a new task, suggesting sophisticated social cognition.

Keywords:
altruismdomestic doggeneralizationreciprocitytask exchange

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Cognitive ethology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Direct reciprocity models explain cooperation among unrelated individuals.
  • Previous models often assume like-for-like exchanges, but natural interactions may differ.
  • It remains unclear if animals apply direct reciprocity rules when cooperative tasks vary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if working dogs transfer help across different cooperative tasks.
  • To test the application of direct reciprocity rules in iterated helping scenarios with task variation.

Main Methods:

  • An iterated prisoner's dilemma paradigm was employed with working dogs.
  • Dogs received help from a conspecific for a specific food-acquisition task.
  • The focal dog's subsequent helping behavior towards the partner using a different task was observed.

Main Results:

  • Working dogs transferred cooperative experience, offering help via a different task to previously helpful partners.
  • Dogs refrained from helping partners who had previously defected.
  • This indicates dogs recognize conspecific cooperative acts and adjust helping propensity accordingly.

Conclusions:

  • Dogs exhibit flexible direct reciprocity, transferring aid across distinct cooperative tasks.
  • This task-unspecific reciprocity suggests sophisticated social cognition in dogs.
  • Such flexible cooperation may explain the prevalence of reciprocal altruism in nature.