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Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Published on: April 7, 2020

Daily circadian misalignment impairs human cognitive performance task-dependently.

Sarah L Chellappa^1,2, Christopher J Morris^3,4, Frank A J L Scheer^5,6

¹Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States. schellappa@bwh.harvard.edu.

Scientific Reports

|February 16, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms, impairing cognitive functions like attention and learning. This study reveals task-dependent effects of circadian misalignment, crucial for developing shift worker countermeasures.

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Area of Science:

Chronobiology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Occupational Health

Background:

Shift work is linked to increased human errors and industrial accidents.
Circadian biology naturally impairs cognitive performance during night hours.
The impact of long-term circadian misalignment on cognition under shift work is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how circadian misalignment affects cognitive performance over multiple days in a realistic shift work scenario.
To determine if the impact of circadian misalignment on cognition is task-dependent.
To explore the relationship between sleep history and cognitive vulnerability during circadian misalignment.

Main Methods:

A biologically-driven paradigm mimicking night shift work was employed.
A randomized, cross-over design compared night shifts (circadian misalignment) with day shifts (circadian alignment).
Cognitive performance was assessed across various tasks, including sustained attention, cognitive throughput, information processing, and visual-motor skills.

Main Results:

Circadian misalignment significantly increased cognitive vulnerability in sustained attention, cognitive throughput, information processing, and visual-motor performance.
The effects of circadian misalignment were task-dependent: sustained attention was acutely impaired but recovered, while daily learning was progressively hindered.
Individuals reported increased sleepiness but did not perceive a decline in performance; sustained attention deficits were influenced by prior sleep history.

Conclusions:

Daily circadian misalignment negatively impacts multiple cognitive functions in a task-dependent manner.
Circadian misalignment poses a significant risk to cognitive performance in shift workers, affecting learning and attention.
Understanding these task-specific effects provides a biological basis for developing targeted countermeasures to mitigate adverse cognitive outcomes in shift work.