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A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
Published on: December 22, 2016
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Intermittent hypoxia, cardiovascular disease and obstructive sleep apnoea
1NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Journal of Thoracic Disease
|February 16, 2018
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is linked to cardiovascular disease. This review explores how intermittent hypoxia, a key OSA consequence, contributes to cardiovascular disease development, aiding new treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Sleep Medicine
- Physiology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent condition associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
- Current treatments like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) primarily manage blood pressure but haven't definitively reduced cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.
- Understanding the specific mechanisms linking OSA to CVD is crucial for developing more effective therapeutic interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of intermittent hypoxia (IH) in the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.
- To elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which IH contributes to CVD pathogenesis.
- To highlight the importance of IH as a target for future therapeutic strategies in OSA management.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing research on the physiological effects of intermittent hypoxia.
- It examines evidence linking IH to various cardiovascular pathologies.
- The review discusses proposed mechanisms, including sympathetic activation and mechanical stress.
Main Results:
- Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is identified as a major physiological consequence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
- IH triggers sympathetic nervous system activation and contributes to endothelial dysfunction.
- The review highlights IH's role in promoting atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications.
Conclusions:
- Intermittent hypoxia is a significant driver of cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnoea.
- Targeting IH may offer a novel therapeutic approach to mitigate cardiovascular risk in OSA patients.
- Further research into IH mechanisms is essential for advancing OSA treatment and cardiovascular protection.
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