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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood
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Heparin mimetics with anticoagulant activity.

Abdullah Al Nahain1, Vera Ignjatovic2,3, Paul Monagle2,3,4

  • 1School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Medicinal Research Reviews
|February 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Heparin alternatives, known as heparin mimetics, are being developed due to safety and supply issues with animal-derived heparin. These synthetic compounds offer potential as novel anticoagulants and for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
anticoagulantsglycopolymersheparinheparin mimeticssulfated oligosaccharides

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Heparin, a glycosaminoglycan, is a widely used parenteral anticoagulant.
  • Animal-derived heparin faces significant safety, supply, and contamination issues.
  • A growing shortage of heparin raw material necessitates alternative solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of heparin mimetics.
  • To explore synthetic alternatives to animal-derived heparin.
  • To cover advancements in anticoagulant materials for biomedical use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature focusing on the past 10 years.
  • Analysis of various structural classes of heparin mimetics.
  • Examination of synthetic polymers, small molecules, and modified polysaccharides.

Main Results:

  • Development of diverse heparin mimetics from non-animal sources.
  • Progress in synthetic polymers, small molecules, and sulfated oligosaccharides.
  • Exploration of fondaparinux derivatives and conjugates.

Conclusions:

  • Heparin mimetics are crucial for overcoming heparin's limitations.
  • These alternatives show promise as anticoagulants and for biomedical applications.
  • Ongoing research focuses on novel synthetic heparin-like compounds.