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Related Concept Videos

Aggregates Classification01:29

Aggregates Classification

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Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
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Affinity chromatography is a powerful technique extensively utilized for separating and purifying specific biomolecules from complex mixtures. It capitalizes on the highly selective binding between an analyte and its counterpart, such as antibody-antigen interactions. The counterpart is immobilized on the stationary phase, forming an affinity column. The stationary phase typically consists of solid support, such as agarose or porous glass beads, immobilizing the affinity ligand. The mobile...
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Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
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Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Specific Gravity of Aggregate01:19

Specific Gravity of Aggregate

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Aggregates typically contain pores, which can be either permeable or impermeable. Considering the pores in the aggregates, the specific gravity of aggregates is defined in three different forms, namely, bulk or gross specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and absolute specific gravity.
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Bulk Density of Aggregate01:22

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Bulk density refers to the mass of aggregate particles that would fill a unit volume. The concept of bulk density originates from the inability to pack aggregate particles in a manner that completely eliminates void spaces. Hence, the term bulk refers to the volume that encompasses both the aggregates and the voids. This measurement is crucial when aggregates are batched by volume and is used to convert quantities by mass to volume.
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Mapping the mAb Aggregation Propensity Using Self-Interaction Chromatography as a Screening Tool.

Sarah H M Hedberg1, DongKyu Lee1, Yash Mishra1

  • 1Surface and Particle Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K.

Analytical Chemistry
|February 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-interaction chromatography (SIC) rapidly predicts monoclonal antibody (mAb) aggregation by measuring the osmotic second virial coefficient (B2). This method identifies stable solution conditions faster and with less material than traditional techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysical chemistry
  • Protein aggregation
  • Chromatographic methods

Background:

  • Understanding protein-protein interactions is crucial for antibody stability.
  • The osmotic second virial coefficient (B2) quantifies these interactions.
  • Predicting and preventing antibody aggregation is essential for therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the osmotic second virial coefficient (B2) for an IgG1 mAb using self-interaction chromatography (SIC).
  • To compare B2 trends with aggregation behavior observed via size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS).
  • To evaluate SIC as a rapid screening tool for identifying stable antibody solution conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Self-interaction chromatography (SIC) was employed to measure the osmotic second virial coefficient (B2).
  • Aggregation was assessed using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) over four weeks.
  • Temperature-dependent aggregation was monitored using dynamic light scattering (DLS) overnight.
  • Data were collected across a wide range of pH (4-9) and NaCl concentrations (0-1.0 M).

Main Results:

  • B2 measurements correlated well with observed aggregation behavior across varied pH and NaCl conditions.
  • Optimal stability was found between pH 5-8 and 0.8-1.0 M NaCl.
  • Attractive protein-protein interactions (negative B2) indicated aggregation, while stable interactions (B2 0 to 2) showed good stability.
  • SIC identified aggregation-prone conditions within one day, significantly faster than SEC (2-3 weeks).

Conclusions:

  • SIC provides a rapid, thermodynamically based method for predicting antibody aggregation.
  • The osmotic second virial coefficient (B2) is a reliable indicator of protein-protein interactions and aggregation propensity.
  • SIC significantly reduces the time and material required for screening stable antibody formulations compared to conventional SEC methods.