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Keeping cool: Kissing bugs avoid cannibalism by thermoregulating.

Claudio R Lazzari1, Aurélie Fauquet1, Chloé Lahondère2

  • 1Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261 - Université de Tours, France.

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|February 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cannibalism is rare in kissing bugs because they regulate their temperature during feeding. This prevents them from overheating and becoming targets for hungry conspecifics.

Keywords:
Blood-feedingChagas vectorsDisease vectorsRhodnius prolixusThermoregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Insect behavior
  • Physiology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Kissing bugs use their thermal sense to find hosts for feeding.
  • Despite ingesting warm blood, cannibalism is rare among these insects, posing an evolutionary question.
  • Recent studies show Rhodnius prolixus can thermoregulate during feeding via a heat-exchanger.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if thermoregulation during feeding in kissing bugs serves to prevent cannibalism.
  • To test the hypothesis that avoiding thermal cues reduces cannibalistic attacks.

Main Methods:

  • Larval kissing bugs (1st instar) were presented with different stimuli: fed 5th instar bugs, artificially heated fed bugs, heated objects, and non-heated objects.
  • Cannibalistic behavior (biting) and feeding (cleptohaematophagy or haemolymphagy) were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Starved larvae did not attack non-heated fed bugs.
  • Heated fed bugs and heated objects elicited biting behavior from starved larvae.
  • Larvae engaged in cleptohaematophagy or haemolymphagy on heated bugs.

Conclusions:

  • Thermoregulation during feeding in kissing bugs likely evolved, in part, to avoid cannibalism triggered by thermal cues.
  • This mechanism prevents fed bugs from becoming thermally attractive to hungry conspecifics, thus reducing cannibalism.