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Sleep problems and suicidal behaviors in college students.

Stephen P Becker1, Melissa R Dvorsky2, Alex S Holdaway2

  • 1Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

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Poor sleep significantly increases suicide risk in college students, even beyond depression. Specific issues like short sleep duration and bad dreams are linked to suicidal behaviors.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sleep Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sleep problems are prevalent among college students.
  • Suicide risk is a significant concern in this demographic.
  • The relationship between sleep disturbances and suicidal behaviors requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the overlap between poor sleep and suicide risk in college students.
  • To determine if poor sleep predicts suicidal behaviors independently of depression.
  • To identify specific sleep components associated with suicidal behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • A large sample of 1700 college students (ages 18-29) from two universities participated.
  • Participants completed validated measures of sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behaviors.
  • Suicide risk was assessed using a composite measure including ideation and past attempts.

Main Results:

  • 24% of students were classified with suicide risk; 82.7% of these also had sleep problems.
  • Poor sleep was significantly associated with suicidal behaviors, independent of depressive symptoms.
  • Elevated depressive symptoms increased suicide risk odds by 6.54 times; sleep problems by 2.70 times.
  • Shorter sleep duration, bad dreams, feeling cold, and sleep medication use were linked to suicidal behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Poor sleep is a significant risk factor for suicidal behaviors in college students.
  • Interventions addressing sleep problems may help mitigate suicide risk in this population.
  • Specific sleep disturbances warrant targeted attention in suicide prevention efforts.