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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

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Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.6K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

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Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
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Fast and Sensitive Colloidal Coomassie G-250 Staining for Proteins in Polyacrylamide Gels
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Normal modes of weak colloidal gels.

Zsigmond Varga1, James W Swan1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review. E
|February 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-ranged hydrodynamic interactions fundamentally alter normal modes in colloidal gels. These interactions are crucial for understanding gel viscoelasticity and microscopic dynamics, impacting relaxation rates and overall properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Soft matter physics
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Weak colloidal gels exhibit complex dynamics influenced by particle interactions.
  • Understanding the role of hydrodynamic interactions is key to predicting gel properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different hydrodynamic interaction models on the normal modes and relaxation rates of weak colloidal gels.
  • To develop a phenomenological model for internal elastic response and validate predictions with dynamic simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Normal mode analysis of harmonic networks representing colloidal gels.
  • Computation of relaxation spectra using freely draining, Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa, and accelerated Stokesian dynamics approximations.
  • Dynamic simulations of hard spheres undergoing gelation via depletion attractions.

Main Results:

  • Long-ranged hydrodynamic coupling significantly alters the density of states and spatial structure of normal modes.
  • Microscopic relaxation rates (λ) scale as l^{-2} for models with long-ranged coupling, where l is the spatial correlation length.
  • Predictions align with simulations and experiments for volume fractions up to 30%, but deviate at higher concentrations due to excluded volume effects.

Conclusions:

  • Long-ranged hydrodynamic interactions are central to the viscoelasticity and microscopic dynamics of weak colloidal gels.
  • The findings are analogous to the Zimm model in polymer physics, highlighting the importance of hydrodynamic effects.
  • Excluded volume interactions become dominant at high volume fractions, affecting stress response and model predictions.