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Shear Diagram

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In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
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Shearing Stress

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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
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Shearing Strain

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

Published on: September 29, 2019

Patterning of a cohesionless granular layer under pure shear.

Héctor Alarcón^1,2, Jean-Christophe Géminard³, Francisco Melo¹

¹Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Ecuador 3493, Casilla 307, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile.

Physical Review. E

|February 17, 2018

Summary

Granular materials exhibit complex deformation patterns under shear. For noncohesive materials, this instability arises from reduced friction, unlike cohesive materials where it

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Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

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Fragmenting Bulk Hydrogels and Processing into Granular Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

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Published on: May 17, 2022

Area of Science:

Complex Systems
Pattern Formation
Granular Mechanics
Rheology

Background:

Previous studies on cohesive granular materials under stretching revealed fracture patterns.
Instability in cohesive materials is attributed to the rupture of capillary bridges bonding grains.
Noncohesive granular materials lack capillary bridges, necessitating alternative explanations for instability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the response of thin layers of noncohesive granular material to pure shear at the base.
To identify the underlying mechanisms causing deformation inhomogeneity in noncohesive granular materials.
To contrast the observed patterns with those in cohesive granular materials.

Main Methods:

Experimental investigation of granular material response to imposed pure shear.
Utilized image-correlation technique to reveal surface deformation patterns.
Focused on noncohesive granular materials.

Main Results:

Observed inhomogeneous deformation in thin layers of noncohesive granular material.
Revealed a novel smooth pattern characterized by periodic modulation of shear deformation on the free surface.
Demonstrated that instability in noncohesive materials results from a decrease in friction during shearing.

Conclusions:

The deformation of noncohesive granular materials under shear is inherently inhomogeneous.
A new pattern of surface deformation modulation has been identified.
Reduced friction during shearing is the primary cause of instability in noncohesive granular materials.