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Related Concept Videos

Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.6K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
3.6K
Colloids03:22

Colloids

21.4K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
21.4K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.5K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.5K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

18.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
18.0K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

5.2K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
5.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.0K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
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Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

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Crystal nucleation in sedimenting colloidal suspensions.

Stefania Ketzetzi1, John Russo2, Daniel Bonn1

  • 1Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|February 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sedimentation enhances crystal nucleation in colloidal liquids by increasing local dynamics, not density fluctuations. This suggests convective cells drive shear-enhanced crystallization at low volume fractions.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Crystallization dynamics
  • Soft matter physics

Background:

  • Homogeneous crystal nucleation in hard-sphere colloidal liquids is a key phenomenon.
  • A significant discrepancy exists between simulated and experimental nucleation rates.
  • The origin of this discrepancy remains an open question in the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate crystal nucleation in hard-sphere colloids under sedimentation.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind sedimentation-enhanced nucleation rates.
  • To resolve the discrepancy between simulation and experimental nucleation data.

Main Methods:

  • Single-particle level observation of crystal nucleation.
  • Utilizing suspensions of hard-sphere-like colloids.
  • Applying controlled sedimentation to the colloidal system.

Main Results:

  • Sedimentation significantly enhances the crystal nucleation rate.
  • Nucleation barriers become independent of local density during sedimentation.
  • Local dynamics are enhanced, indicating a role for convective cells.

Conclusions:

  • Sedimentation-driven nucleation is not due to simple density fluctuations.
  • Local convective cells are likely responsible for shear-enhanced crystallization.
  • This finding offers new insights into colloidal crystallization mechanisms.