Are infectious diseases and microbiology new fields for thermal therapy research?

Antimicrobial chemotherapy and surgery are classical methods for treating infectious diseases. However, there is a need for alternative methods to cure infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens, recurrent or chronic infections, and unreachable local infections in which the use of drugs or surgery is anatomically and physically restricted. Several micro-organisms are known to be sensitive to mild hyperthermia, and this sensitivity is one of the potential benefits proposed for the host during an episode of fever. Additionally, some immunological or biophysical changes occur during hyperthermia. These changes may be useful for eliminating thermo-susceptible microbial pathogens using local heat therapy. There are several experimental studies proposing the use of hyperthermia to treat local infections. The infected organs or tissues may be heated up to a temperature that can inhibit invading microorganisms. Here, it is hypothesised that local heat therapy may become an alternative or adjuvant method for curing local infections. Here, we highlight the potential for local hyperthermia in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by thermo-susceptible pathogens in a systematic plan. If the proposed thermal-microbiology concepts and local thermal therapies can be adapted to clinical microbiology and infectiology, new medical fields, such as thermo-microbiology and thermo-infectiology, may be created in the future.