Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

16.3K

Treatment and prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease

A R Domínguez-Alegría1, V Pintado2, I Barbolla1

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.

Revista Clinica Espanola
|February 17, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Invasive pneumococcal disease impacts comorbid patients. Adult vaccination strategies are shifting due to pediatric conjugate vaccines, with new drugs recommended despite limited evidence.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a severe infection disproportionately affecting patients with comorbidities.
  • Pediatric conjugate vaccination has influenced adult vaccination strategies.
  • While pneumococcal antibiotic resistance is not currently severe, the World Health Organization highlights the need for new drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of pediatric vaccination on adult strategies for invasive pneumococcal disease.
  • To discuss the current status of pneumococcal antibiotic resistance.
  • To evaluate emerging treatment options and empiric therapy recommendations for pneumococcal pneumonia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vaccination strategies and antibiotic resistance trends.
  • Analysis of World Health Organization recommendations for new antimicrobial agents.
  • Evaluation of current evidence for combination therapies in bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia.

Main Results:

  • Paediatric conjugate vaccination has led to shifts in adult immunization approaches.
  • Pneumococcal antibiotic resistance remains manageable but is a concern for future treatment.
  • New antibiotics like ceftaroline and ceftobiprole are being developed.
  • Combination therapy with beta-lactams and macrolides is suggested for empiric treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia, despite limited supporting data.

Conclusions:

  • Evolving vaccination strategies are crucial for managing invasive pneumococcal disease.
  • Proactive development of new antimicrobial drugs is necessary.
  • Empiric combination therapy for pneumococcal pneumonia warrants further investigation.

Keywords:
Combined therapyEnfermedad neumocócica invasivaInvasive pneumococcal diseaseResistanceResistenciaStreptococcus pneumoniaeTerapia combinadaVaccineVacuna

More Related Videos

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay09:20

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay

Published on: April 28, 2014

13.1K
Using the Overlay Assay to Qualitatively Measure Bacterial Production of and Sensitivity to Pneumococcal Bacteriocins06:05

Using the Overlay Assay to Qualitatively Measure Bacterial Production of and Sensitivity to Pneumococcal Bacteriocins

Published on: September 30, 2014

14.1K

Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.2K
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
987
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
736
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
532
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
8.2K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
561