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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

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Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug absorption...
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Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

567
Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
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Bioavailability: Overview01:17

Bioavailability: Overview

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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...
661
Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability01:27

Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability

522
Bioavailability is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. Regulatory agencies mandate the assessment of bioavailability, typically measured as the area under the drug plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. These evaluations are categorized as absolute and relative bioavailability studies.Absolute...
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Bioavailability: Overview01:13

Bioavailability: Overview

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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
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Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination01:23

Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination

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When a drug is taken orally, it undergoes a journey starting from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, passing through the portal vein, reaching the liver, and finally entering the systemic circulation. This process involves the absorption of the drug across the GI tract. The liver is the primary site for metabolizing the drug, with some metabolism also occurring in the gut wall. This journey significantly reduces the quantity of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

The Caco-2 Cell Bioassay for Measurement of Food Iron Bioavailability
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Bioavailability of niacin from processed groundnuts.

A Chaturvedi, P Geervani

    Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Niacin bioavailability from roasted and boiled groundnuts was studied in women. Both cooking methods showed high niacin availability, with boiled groundnuts offering slightly more. This highlights groundnuts as a good niacin source.

    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Biochemistry
    • Human Nutrition
    • Food Science

    Background:

    • Groundnuts (peanuts) are recognized for their nutritional value, including niacin content.
    • Understanding niacin bioavailability from commonly consumed forms like roasted and boiled groundnuts is crucial for dietary recommendations.
    • Niacin, also known as Vitamin B3, is essential for various metabolic processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the bioavailability of niacin from roasted and boiled groundnuts in adult human subjects.
    • To determine the quantitative niacin availability from a local variety of groundnuts cultivated in Andhra Pradesh, India.

    Main Methods:

    • Study involved six adult women aged 23-25 years.
    • The linear dose-response technique was employed to evaluate niacin bioavailability.

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  • Niacin availability was assessed by measuring the urinary excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide.

    • Main Results:

    • Niacin bioavailability from roasted groundnuts was found to be between 87.0% and 91.7%.
    • Niacin bioavailability from boiled groundnuts was also high, ranging from 87.0% to 91.7%.
    • The study indicated comparable and high niacin availability for both roasting and boiling methods.

    Conclusions:

    • Both roasted and boiled groundnuts provide a high degree of niacin bioavailability in adult women.
    • Groundnuts can be considered a significant dietary source of bioavailable niacin.
    • Cooking methods (roasting and boiling) do not significantly impair niacin availability from groundnuts.