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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Implementation01:15

Nursing Implementation

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Implementation is the execution of the nursing care plan developed during the planning phase.
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Lung Capacity01:47

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Role of Communication in the Nursing Process II: Planning and Implementation01:25

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Several factors are considered while creating a patient's care plan. Motivation is a factor in improving communication, and patients often require encouragement to try different approaches involving significant change. It is essential to involve the patient and family in decisions about the plan of care to determine whether the suggested methods are acceptable. Consider meeting critical comfort and safety needs before introducing new communication methods and techniques. Allow adequate time...
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Design and Implementation of a Rat Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Model
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Why and how would we implement a lung cancer screening program?

Idris Guessous1,2,3, Jacques Cornuz4

  • 11Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of primary care medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Public Health Reviews
|February 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening significantly reduces cancer deaths in high-risk individuals. Implementing LDCT screening programs for smokers and former smokers is reasonable, considering evidence and uncertainties.

Keywords:
EvidenceImplementationLow dose computed tomographyLung cancerOverdiagnosisScreeningSmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality globally.
  • Prognosis for lung cancer has seen limited improvement, highlighting the need for early detection strategies.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving lung cancer outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer.
  • To discuss the implications of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) findings for clinical practice.
  • To address key considerations for implementing lung cancer screening programs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), a randomized controlled trial comparing LDCT with chest X-ray.
  • Review of ongoing smaller trials investigating LDCT screening.
  • Discussion of practical issues related to lung cancer screening implementation.

Main Results:

  • Annual LDCT screening reduced lung cancer and overall mortality by 20% and 6.7%, respectively, in high-risk individuals (aged 55-74).
  • NLST results are unlikely to be replicated by smaller, underpowered trials.
  • Concerns regarding LDCT screening include high false-positive rates, overdiagnosis, and cost.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing LDCT lung cancer screening programs for eligible smokers and former smokers is considered reasonable.
  • Key factors for successful implementation include defined eligibility criteria, smoking cessation support, primary care physician involvement, and informed decision-making.
  • While uncertainties persist, the available evidence supports the judicious use of LDCT screening.