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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Real-time Video Projection in an MRI for Characterization of Neural Correlates Associated with Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain
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Real-time Video Projection in an MRI for Characterization of Neural Correlates Associated with Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain

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Mirror therapy: A potential intervention for pain management.

Priscilla G Wittkopf1, Mark I Johnson2

  • 1MSc. Centre for Pain Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University and Leeds Pallium Research Group, Leeds, United Kingdom.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)
|February 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mirror therapy offers a safe, inexpensive, and self-administered non-pharmacological approach to chronic pain management. Evidence suggests a four-week course may reduce pain, although its exact mechanism requires further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Chronic pain and its disabling effects pose significant burdens on patients and healthcare systems.
  • Pharmacological treatments for chronic pain are often limited by side effects and high costs.
  • Non-pharmacological therapies, such as mirror therapy, are recommended as adjuncts to conventional pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the principles and application of mirror therapy for integration into healthcare.
  • To discuss the physiological rationale behind mirror therapy's effectiveness in pain management.
  • To review the clinical efficacy of mirror therapy based on recent systematic reviews.

Main Methods:

  • Mirror therapy involves using a mirror to create a visual reflection of a body part.
  • This technique has been applied to conditions including phantom limb pain, complex regional pain syndrome, neuropathy, and low back pain.
  • The review synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews on mirror therapy's efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Research indicates that a four-week treatment course of mirror therapy may lead to a reduction in chronic pain.
  • Potential mechanisms include reintegration of motor and sensory systems, improved body image, and reduced fear-avoidance behaviors.
  • Contraindications and side effects associated with mirror therapy are minimal.

Conclusions:

  • Mirror therapy presents an inexpensive, safe, and easily self-administered option for chronic pain management.
  • While the evidence for its clinical efficacy is encouraging, it is not yet definitive.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action and confirm its long-term effectiveness.