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MAIT cells and microbial immunity.

Erin W Meermeier1,2, Melanie J Harriff1,2, Elham Karamooz1,2

  • 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.

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Summary

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are crucial for immunity against microbes. This review details their diverse responses to bacterial and fungal infections, highlighting their protective roles.

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MAIT cellsMR1antimicrobial responsesinfectionmucosal immunologyunconventional T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbial Immunity

Background:

  • Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the most abundant T-cell subset in humans.
  • MAIT cells are found in various mucosal tissues like the lung, liver, and intestinal tract.
  • They are activated by microbial products via T-cell receptor (TCR) or cytokine stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review MAIT cell responses to bacterial and fungal infections.
  • To focus on MR1-dependent and -independent MAIT cell activation pathways.
  • To explore MAIT cell TCR diversity, protective immunity, and antimicrobial functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MAIT cell responses in microbial infections.
  • Analysis of studies detailing MR1-dependent and -independent activation.
  • Examination of evidence for diverse MAIT TCR usage.

Main Results:

  • MAIT cells exhibit varied responses to different microbial products.
  • Evidence suggests diversity in MAIT TCR usage.
  • MAIT cells contribute to protective immunity and possess antimicrobial functions.

Conclusions:

  • MAIT cells play a significant role in host defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens.
  • Understanding MAIT cell responses is key to developing new immunotherapies.
  • Further research into MAIT cell diversity and function is warranted.