The chondrocyte channelome: A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cell Biology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Articular cartilage relies on chondrocytes, specialized cells within the extracellular matrix (ECM).
• Chondrocyte function is dictated by their plasma membrane proteins, the membranome, including ion channels and porins known as the channelome.
• The channelome plays vital roles in cell signaling and maintaining cartilage homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental aspects of the chondrocyte channelome.
• To discuss the channelome's relevance to cartilage biology.
• To highlight the channelome's potential role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of chondrocyte channelome research.
• Analysis of channel protein functions and roles in cartilage.
• Investigation of factors influencing channelome alterations in OA.

Main Results:

• Chondrocytes express a diverse channelome, with many proteins exhibiting moonlighting functions.
• Altered mechanical loads, inflammation, or crystal deposition can dysregulate the chondrocyte channelome.
• Impaired calcium signaling due to channel dysfunction contributes to ECM defects and catabolic responses.

Conclusions:

• The chondrocyte channelome is integral to cartilage health and function.
• Dysregulation of the channelome, particularly calcium signaling, is implicated in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.
• Targeting the chondrocyte channelome may offer novel therapeutic strategies for OA.