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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor GIMM
Published on: December 1, 2010
The Archaellum: An Update on the Unique Archaeal Motility Structure
Sonja-Verena Albers1, Ken F Jarrell2
1Molecular Biology of Archaea, Institute of Biology II - Microbiology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Each of the three domains of life exhibits a unique motility structure: while Bacteria use flagella, Eukarya employ cilia, and Archaea swim using archaella. Since the new name for the archaeal motility structure was proposed, in 2012, a significant amount of new data on the regulation of transcription of archaella operons, the structure and function of archaellum subunits, their interactions, and cryo-EM data on in situ archaellum complexes in whole cells have been obtained. These data support the notion that the archaellum is evolutionary and structurally unrelated to the flagellum, but instead is related to archaeal and bacterial type IV pili and emphasize that it is a motility structure unique to the Archaea.
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