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Transmucosal Nanoparticles: Toxicological Overview.

Swapnil Talkar1, Sagar Dhoble1, Anuradha Majumdar2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanoparticles offer unique benefits for drug delivery but may cause adverse biological reactions. Understanding nanoparticle toxicity via mucosal routes is crucial for safe medical applications.

Keywords:
FateMucoadhesiveNanoparticlesToxicityTransmucosal

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties distinct from bulk materials, making them attractive for commercial and medical uses.
  • Mucoadhesive nanoparticulate systems enhance drug retention and controlled release at application sites, enabling drug delivery across mucosa to bypass hepatic metabolism and gastrointestinal degradation.
  • Despite therapeutic advantages, concerns exist regarding potential transmucosal side effects and adverse biological reactions from nanoparticles entering the body.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of mucosal systems and the fate of nanoparticles within them.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle toxicity.
  • To discuss the various toxicity issues associated with nanoparticle administration via mucosal routes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nanoparticle properties, mucosal systems, and nanoparticle-related toxicity.
  • Analysis of nanoparticle interactions with biological tissues and organs.
  • Examination of factors influencing nanoparticle persistence, clearance, and host immune response.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles can deposit in various organs, potentially causing adverse biological reactions.
  • Nanoparticle toxicity is influenced by their persistence or clearance and the host's ability to manage them.
  • Limited research exists on the undesirable effects of nanoparticles administered for medical purposes.

Conclusions:

  • Further investigation into nanoparticle toxicity through mucosal routes is necessary.
  • A comprehensive understanding of nanoparticle fate and biological interactions is essential for safe therapeutic applications.
  • Balancing the benefits of nanoparticles with their potential risks is critical for advancing nanomedicine.