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The tonicity of a solution determines if a cell gains or loses water in that solution. The tonicity depends on the permeability of the cell membrane for different solutes and the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes in the solution within and outside of the cell. If a semipermeable membrane hinders the passage of some solutes but allows water to follow its concentration gradient, water moves from the side with low osmolarity (i.e., less solute) to the side with higher osmolarity (i.e.,...
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Occupational Animal Allergy.

Gregg M Stave1

  • 1Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. gms6@duke.edu.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|February 18, 2018
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Summary

Animal allergens pose occupational risks in various workplaces, including labs and public areas. Early pet exposure may reduce allergy risk, while anaphylaxis from lab animal bites is more common than previously thought.

Keywords:
Animal allergyAnimal bite anaphylaxisLaboratory animal allergyOccupational allergyOccupational asthma

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Allergology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Animal allergens are prevalent in diverse work environments, from research laboratories to public spaces.
  • Exposure can trigger allergic reactions, asthma, and anaphylaxis, posing significant health risks.
  • The hygiene hypothesis suggests early-life pet exposure may confer protection against allergies via gut microbiome modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review animal allergen exposure in research laboratories and other work settings.
  • To identify causes and effective prevention strategies for animal allergen exposure.
  • To highlight emerging evidence on allergy prevention and occupational hazards.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on animal allergen exposure.
  • Analysis of recent findings on allergy development and occupational risks.
  • Synthesis of information on prevention in laboratory and broader work settings.

Main Results:

  • Early childhood exposure to pets is linked to altered gut microbiomes and reduced allergy risk.
  • Anaphylaxis from laboratory animal bites is a more frequent occurrence than previously reported.
  • Animal allergens constitute an occupational hazard across various settings, necessitating exposure reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing exposure reduction strategies in research laboratories is crucial for preventing animal allergy.
  • Prevention approaches for animal allergen exposure should be extended to other work environments and public settings.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and mitigate the impact of animal allergens in the workplace.