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Related Concept Videos

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

In Vivo Quantification of Protein Turnover in Aging C. Elegans using Photoconvertible Dendra2
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Protein Turnover in Aging and Longevity.

Nathan Basisty1, Jesse G Meyer1, Birgit Schilling1

  • 1The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.

Proteomics
|February 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging leads to a loss of proteostasis, impacting protein health. New proteomic methods now measure individual protein turnover in vivo, offering insights into aging and longevity.

Keywords:
agingmass spectrometryprotein turnoverproteostasisstable isotope labeling

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Progressive loss of proteostasis is a key feature of aging.
  • This decline affects crucial cellular processes like autophagy and protein degradation.
  • Traditional methods assessed proteostasis through process changes or bulk proteome analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of proteostasis in aging and longevity.
  • To focus on proteomic methods for measuring protein turnover in aging models.
  • To highlight insights gained from these proteomic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing stable-isotope labeling and mass spectrometry.
  • Employing specialized software for data analysis.
  • Measuring individual protein turnover directly in vivo.

Main Results:

  • Recent advances enable comprehensive measurement of individual protein turnover.
  • Proteomic methodologies have been applied to aging and longevity studies.
  • These methods provide detailed insights into age-related proteostasis decline.

Conclusions:

  • Proteostasis decline is central to aging.
  • Advanced proteomic techniques are crucial for understanding protein dynamics in aging.
  • In vivo protein turnover measurements offer novel perspectives on longevity research.