Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

9.3K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
9.3K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

17.1K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
17.1K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

4.2K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
4.2K
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

7.5K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.5K
Neurons: The Axon01:21

Neurons: The Axon

7.6K
Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment....
7.6K
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

38.2K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
38.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A short-acting psychedelic intervention for major depressive disorder: a phase IIa randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

The <i>Hexokinase 1</i> 5'-UTR Mutation in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 4G Disease Alters Hexokinase 1 Binding to Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel-1 and Leads to Dysfunctional Mitochondrial Calcium Buffering.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamic and wellbeing effects of SPL026 (dimethyltryptamine fumarate) in healthy participants: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2024
Same author

Charging appropriately for professional services.

The Veterinary record·2023
Same author

Crucial neuroprotective roles of the metabolite BH4 in dopaminergic neurons.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023
Same author

Physiology of PNS axons relies on glycolytic metabolism in myelinating Schwann cells.

PloS one·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.1K

Mitochondrial dysfunction and axon degeneration in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Graham Campbell1, Don J Mahad1

  • 1The Centre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, UK.

FEBS Letters
|February 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons, specifically respiratory chain complex deficiency, impairs energy production in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Targeting these neuronal mitochondrial changes may improve function in MS patients.

Keywords:
demyelinationmitochondriamultiple sclerosisneurodegenerationprogression

More Related Videos

Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
08:11

Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: November 14, 2016

11.6K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.1K
Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
08:11

Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: November 14, 2016

11.6K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves inflammatory demyelination targeting neurons.
  • Progressive MS shows molecular changes converging on neuronal mitochondria.
  • Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency is a key finding, reducing neuronal ATP production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mitochondrial changes within neurons in progressive MS.
  • To explore the link between energy failure and axonal energy demands.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for improving neuronal function in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mitochondrial function in neuronal cell bodies.
  • Assessment of energy failure states in neurons.
  • Examination of mitochondrial changes in experimental models of MS.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency is consistently observed in neurons.
  • Neurons experience an energy failure state due to compromised ATP generation.
  • Demyelinated axons exhibit increased energy demands, especially in long tracts.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal mitochondrial alterations are central to progressive MS pathogenesis.
  • Targeting neuronal mitochondria presents a promising therapeutic strategy for progressive MS.
  • Further research into mitochondrial changes could lead to novel treatments for MS.