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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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CORRIGENDUM: P2Y<sub>12</sub> Reaction Units With Prasugrel in Acute Large Artery Atherosclerosis and Transient Ischemic Attack: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Study, ACUTE-PRAS.

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Cilostazol May Decrease Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Recent Small Subcortical Infarcts: A Pilot

Naoki Saji1, Shigenobu Tone2, Kenta Murotani3

  • 1Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan; Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
|February 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Progressive neurological deficit after small strokes may involve inflammation. Early cilostazol treatment might reduce inflammatory biomarkers, potentially improving outcomes in stroke patients.

Keywords:
Biomarkerscilostazollacunar infarctionprogressionsmall-vessel diseasesstroke outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarkers
  • Stroke Research

Background:

  • The mechanism of progressive neurological deficit following small subcortical infarcts remains unclear.
  • Inflammatory biomarkers and cilostazol treatment are potential factors influencing this neurological progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between inflammatory biomarkers and progressive neurological deficit in patients with recent small subcortical infarcts.
  • To evaluate the effect of cilostazol on these biomarkers and clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • 41 patients with recent small subcortical infarcts were analyzed within 48 hours of onset.
  • Patients were grouped based on antiplatelet therapy: cilostazol (with or without aspirin) versus aspirin alone.
  • Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-6, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and APP770 were measured serially. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of progressive deficit and poor outcome.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and high sensitive C-reactive protein were observed in patients with progressive neurological deficit.
  • Amyloid β precursor protein (APP770) levels decreased more in the cilostazol group compared to the aspirin group.
  • Age and NIH Stroke Scale scores were independent predictors of progressive neurological deficit and poor functional outcome.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammatory biomarkers appear to be associated with the progression of neurological deficits after small subcortical infarcts.
  • Early administration of cilostazol may lead to a reduction in plasma inflammatory biomarker levels.