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Cereal powdery mildew effectors: a complex toolbox for an obligate pathogen.

Salim Bourras1, Coraline R Praz1, Pietro D Spanu2

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|February 19, 2018
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Summary

Cereal powdery mildews are obligate biotrophs with extreme host specialization. This review covers the origin, evolution, and function of their effectors, focusing on wheat and barley powdery mildews.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Mycology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cereal powdery mildews are significant pathogens affecting monocot crops.
  • These fungi are obligate biotrophs, requiring living hosts for survival and reproduction.
  • Each mildew subspecies exhibits extreme host specialization, infecting only one plant species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the origin, evolution, and mode of action of cereal mildew effectors.
  • To highlight recent advances in identifying bona fide and avirulence effector proteins.
  • To focus on effectors from wheat and barley powdery mildews.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on cereal mildew effectors.
  • Analysis of studies on effector origin and evolution.
  • Examination of research on effector function and identification.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding effector roles in host-pathogen interactions.
  • Recent studies have advanced the identification of bona fide effectors.
  • Avirulence effector proteins from wheat and barley powdery mildews have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Effectors play crucial roles in the complex interactions between cereal mildews and their hosts.
  • Continued research is vital for understanding effector evolution and function.
  • Identifying specific effectors provides targets for disease management strategies.