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Cereal powdery mildew effectors: a complex toolbox for an obligate pathogen

Salim Bourras1, Coraline R Praz1, Pietro D Spanu2

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|February 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cereal powdery mildews are obligate biotrophs with extreme host specialization. This review covers the origin, evolution, and function of their effectors, focusing on wheat and barley powdery mildews.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Mycology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cereal powdery mildews are significant pathogens affecting monocot crops.
  • These fungi are obligate biotrophs, requiring living hosts for survival and reproduction.
  • Each mildew subspecies exhibits extreme host specialization, infecting only one plant species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the origin, evolution, and mode of action of cereal mildew effectors.
  • To highlight recent advances in identifying bona fide and avirulence effector proteins.
  • To focus on effectors from wheat and barley powdery mildews.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on cereal mildew effectors.
  • Analysis of studies on effector origin and evolution.
  • Examination of research on effector function and identification.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding effector roles in host-pathogen interactions.
  • Recent studies have advanced the identification of bona fide effectors.
  • Avirulence effector proteins from wheat and barley powdery mildews have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Effectors play crucial roles in the complex interactions between cereal mildews and their hosts.
  • Continued research is vital for understanding effector evolution and function.
  • Identifying specific effectors provides targets for disease management strategies.

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