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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Takotsubo syndrome.

Sanjiv Gupta1, Madan Mohan Gupta2

  • 1NH Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Jaipur, India.

Indian Heart Journal
|February 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Takotsubo syndrome, a reversible heart failure mimicking heart attacks, is often triggered by stress. Recovery is typical within 6-12 weeks, with a generally good prognosis despite potential in-hospital mortality.

Keywords:
Apical ballooning syndromeLeft ventricular failure (LVF)Regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA)

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Takotsubo syndrome presents clinically similar to acute coronary syndrome.
  • It is a reversible form of acute heart failure.
  • Stress is a frequent trigger for this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key features, pathogenesis, and prognosis of Takotsubo syndrome.
  • To highlight diagnostic findings and typical recovery patterns.
  • To provide an overview of mortality and recurrence rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic findings.
  • Discussion of proposed pathogenetic mechanisms, including the brain-heart axis.
  • Analysis of recovery timelines and long-term outcomes from meta-analyses.

Main Results:

  • Coronary angiography shows normal epicardial arteries.
  • Elevated NT-ProBNP levels are common.
  • Regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) extend beyond single coronary artery territories.
  • Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and RWMA typically recover within 6-12 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • Takotsubo syndrome is a distinct entity with a generally favorable prognosis.
  • In-hospital mortality ranges from 1-4.5%.
  • Recurrence rates are between 5-10% over five years.