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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

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Microbicidal gentamicin-alginate hydrogels.

Stalin Kondaveeti1, Pedro Vinicius de Assis Bueno1, Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro2

  • 1Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|February 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium alginate (Alg) was conjugated with gentamicin sulfate (GS) antibiotic. The resulting Alg-GS conjugates showed significant antimicrobial activity, with the highest efficacy observed for the Alg-GS (1:2) derivative due to its increased GS content.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial activityCarbodiimideGentamicin sulfateHydrogelSodium alginate

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Sodium alginate is a biocompatible polysaccharide with potential applications in drug delivery.
  • Gentamicin sulfate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.
  • Developing novel drug delivery systems is crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and combating antibiotic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize sodium alginate-gentamicin sulfate (Alg-GS) conjugates.
  • To investigate the covalent attachment of gentamicin sulfate to sodium alginate.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized conjugates against common bacterial pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Carbodiimide chemistry was employed to conjugate sodium alginate with gentamicin sulfate at various molar ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2).
  • Characterization techniques included elemental analysis, FTIR-ATR, XPS, SEM, TGA, and water sorption measurements.
  • Antimicrobial activity was assessed using bioluminescence assays with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and colony-forming unit counts for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Main Results:

  • XPS and FTIR-ATR confirmed the successful covalent attachment of gentamicin sulfate to sodium alginate via amide bond formation.
  • The Alg-GS (1:2) conjugate exhibited the highest gentamicin sulfate content (43.5 ± 0.4 wt%) and swelling ratio (4962 ± 661%).
  • All Alg-GS conjugates demonstrated microbicidal activity, with the Alg-GS (1:2) conjugate showing the most potent effect.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium alginate can be effectively functionalized with gentamicin sulfate through carbodiimide chemistry.
  • The synthesized Alg-GS conjugates possess inherent antimicrobial properties.
  • The Alg-GS (1:2) conjugate represents a promising candidate for developing advanced antibacterial materials due to its enhanced gentamicin sulfate loading and superior efficacy.