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Exposure to dogs but not cats is associated to a decrease in the prevalence in atopic dermatitis amongst

M Bedolla-Barajas1, J Morales-Romero2, T I Bedolla-Pulido3

  • 1Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Salvador de Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750, Colonia La Perla, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

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Early exposure to dogs, whether indoors or outdoors, is linked to a reduced prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children. This pet exposure may also decrease other allergic symptoms.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The relationship between pet exposure (cats, dogs) and allergic disease prevalence is not consistently established.
  • Inconsistent findings necessitate further investigation into specific pet exposures and their impact on childhood allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of early-life exposure to dogs and cats on the prevalence of allergic diseases in school-aged children.
  • To clarify the association between pet ownership and the development of allergic conditions in children.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 756 children aged 6-7 years, selected via cluster sampling.
  • Data collection included parental questionnaires (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) on pet exposure (indoor/outdoor) during the child's first year and allergic symptoms.
  • Analysis focused on identifying associations between early pet exposure and allergic disease prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to outdoor dogs correlated with reduced nocturnal coughing (OR: 0.64) and atopic dermatitis (OR: 0.39).
  • Exposure to outdoor cats was associated with decreased nocturnal coughing (OR: 0.51) and rhinitis symptoms (OR: 0.59).
  • Multivariate analysis confirmed that exposure to both indoor and outdoor dogs significantly decreased the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (OR: 0.40 and 0.38, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Early exposure to dogs, regardless of indoor or outdoor status, is associated with a lower prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children.
  • Findings suggest a protective effect of dog exposure against atopic dermatitis development.