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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

A Permanent Window for Investigating Cancer Metastasis to the Lung
Published on: July 1, 2021
Girdin protein: A potential metastasis predictor associated with prognosis in lung cancer
Zhaoyang Yang1, Fang Yang1, Yingli Zhang2
1Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.
Abstract:
The present study explored the relationship between Girdin protein expression and the survival rate of patients with lung carcinoma. A total of 334 lung cancer specimens, 20 benign lung disease tissue sections and 24 fresh tissues from patients with lung carcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Girdin protein was expressed in 130/334 (38.93%) of the cases examined. Girdin protein expression was correlated with tumor/node/metastasis stage (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001), distant metastasis (P<0.001) and specimen sites (P=0.034). Girdin expression was also correlated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression (P<0.001). Patients with high Girdin and STAT3 expression had a significantly poorer prognosis compared with those with low/high, high/low or low/low expression (P<0.001). In summary, Girdin may be a prognostic marker of lung cancer and serve as a biomarker for metastasis.
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