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Crown Ethers

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules...

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.

The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent...

Periodic Classification of the Elements

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...

Current Trends in Nursing I

Current Trends in Nursing I

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Periodic Trends in Actinyl Thio-Crown Ether Complexes.

Shu-Xian Hu^1,2, Jing-Jing Liu², John K Gibson³

¹Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193 , China.

Inorganic Chemistry

|February 20, 2018

Summary

This study explores thio-crown (TC) ethers as ligands for actinyl(VI) f-elements, revealing structural changes and bonding features. TC ethers show potential for actinide recognition and extraction.

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Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Computational Chemistry
Radiochemistry

Background:

Thio-crown (TC) ethers and their coordination with f-elements, particularly actinyl(VI) ions, remain largely unexplored.
Understanding these interactions is crucial for advancing actinide coordination chemistry and separation science.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the in-cavity complexes and bonding features of actinyl(VI) ions (U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm) with TC ethers.
To investigate the influence of TC ether size on complex structures and bonding.

Main Methods:

Relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed.
Natural population analysis (NPA), natural localized molecular orbital (NLMO), and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) were used for chemical bonding analysis.

Main Results:

Complex structures shift from "double-decker" and "side-on" to "insertion" as TC ether size increases.
Actinyl-sulfur bonds exhibit ionic character with covalent contributions influenced by sulfur 3p orbital distribution.
Conventional conformations were observed in monocyclic TC ether complexes.

Conclusions:

TC ethers display distinct coordination behaviors compared to oxo-crown ligands.
The soft sulfur donor atoms in TC ethers make them promising candidates for actinide recognition and extraction applications.