Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores
Published on: August 19, 2013
Cryoprotective effect of antifreeze polyamino-acid (Carboxylated Poly-l-Lysine) on bovine sperm: A technical note
Takuro Fujikawa1, Shuji Imamura2, Motoyuki Tokumaru2
1The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
Abstract:
In this study, investigating Carboxylated Poly-l-Lysine (CPLL) for its effectiveness as a new cryoprotectant for bovine sperm is aimed. CPLL is an ampholytic polymer compound, has cryoprotective properties similar to those of anti-freeze protein. The cryopreservation medium used for control group consisted of 6.5% (v/v) glycerol, the cryopreservation medium used for experimental group consisted of 3.25% (v/v) glycerol + 0.5% (w/v) CPLL. There was no consequential difference in sperm motility parameter after thawing whereas there was huge distinction for sperm membrane integrity rate (control vs experimental; 49.6 vs 60.7%, P < 0.01). Conception rate of artificial insemination of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (79.0% vs 53.1%, P < 0.01). These results suggest CPLL has protected sperm membrane and leads to improve fertility. This is the first report using CPLL for bovine sperm cryopreservation, it is also expected CPLL can be applied to other animal species.
Related Concept Videos
Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides
Acidity and Basicity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
The relative acidic strength of the derivatives can be explained based on the extent of resonance stabilization of the conjugate base. The...
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents

