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Voice-specific information and the 20-second delayed-suffix effect.

D A Balota, J M Duchek

    Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
    |October 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The delayed-suffix effect in memory recall is influenced by time. Immediate recall shows voice interference, but this diminishes with a 20-second delay, suggesting a perceptual tuning mechanism.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Auditory Memory

    Background:

    • The delayed-suffix effect describes how auditory information presented after a list impacts recall.
    • Previous research indicates voice similarity increases recall interference.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the nature of the delayed-suffix effect.
    • To examine the influence of immediate versus delayed auditory suffixes on memory recall.
    • To test attentional versus perceptual tuning explanations for the effect.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments using serial recall of digit lists.
    • Presentation of auditory suffixes (tone, same-voice, different-voice) after lists.
    • Immediate recall and delayed recall (20-s filled interval) conditions.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Main Results:

    • Immediate recall showed typical suffix effect: tone < different-voice < same-voice.
    • Delayed recall revealed less differentiation: tone < (same-voice = different-voice).
    • Experiment 2 did not support a simple attentional account.

    Conclusions:

    • Results support a perceptual tuning mechanism where specificity decreases over time.
    • Auditory suffix effects are modulated by temporal delays.
    • Memory recall is sensitive to the timing and nature of post-list auditory information.