Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

9.4K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
9.4K
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

222.0K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
222.0K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.7K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.7K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

5.3K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
5.3K
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.4K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.4K
Microsoft Excel: Finding Central Tendency, Skew, and Kurtosis01:24

Microsoft Excel: Finding Central Tendency, Skew, and Kurtosis

703
Central tendency refers to the central point or typical value of a dataset. It summarizes the data set with a single value that represents the center of its distribution. The three main measures of central tendency are:
Mean: The arithmetic average of all data points. It is calculated by adding all the values together and dividing by the number of values. The mean is sensitive to extreme values (outliers).
Median: The middle value when the data points are arranged in ascending or descending...
703

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Preoperative assessment and staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with 16-multidetector computed tomography cholangiography and angiography.

Hepato-gastroenterology·2009
Same author

Preoperative evaluation of resectability of Klatskin tumor with 16-MDCT angiography and cholangiography.

AJR. American journal of roentgenology·2006
Same author

[The manifestations of 496 cases with thyroid-related immune orbitopathy and normal thyroid function].

[Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology·2002
Same author

[A study of cytokines in pathogenesis of thyroid-related immune orbitopathy].

[Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology·2002
Same author

[Analysis of hepatitis G virus genotypes in some areas of China].

Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]·2002
Same author

[Effect of sodium fluoride on bone turnover and bone loss of vertebrae and tibia in ovariectomized rats].

Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology·2002
Same journal

Where can we improve? An evaluation of discrepancies between radiology resident and consultant reports for noncontrast head computed tomography (NCHCT) scans in the emergency department at a tertiary care centre.

Clinical radiology·2026
Same journal

Proton beam therapy: neuroradiology considerations and challenges.

Clinical radiology·2026
Same journal

Weight-based contrast media volume reduction in lower limb computed tomography angiography: a prospective feasibility study.

Clinical radiology·2026
Same journal

Diagnostic accuracy of flat panel computed tomography for acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.

Clinical radiology·2026
Same journal

Nuclear medicine techniques in gynaecological malignancy: a review of best practice.

Clinical radiology·2026
Same journal

Deep learning reconstruction dual-energy computed tomography for gastrointestinal system tumors: low-kiloelectron volt imaging vs routine imaging.

Clinical radiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Measuring Connectivity in the Primary Visual Pathway in Human Albinism Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography
13:26

Measuring Connectivity in the Primary Visual Pathway in Human Albinism Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography

Published on: August 11, 2016

12.7K

Microstructural visual pathway abnormalities in patients with primary glaucoma: 3 T diffusion kurtosis imaging study.

Z F Xu1, J S Sun2, X H Zhang1

  • 1Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guagndong, 528000, China.

Clinical Radiology
|February 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) reveals microstructural damage in the visual pathway of primary glaucoma (PG) patients. Mean kurtosis (MK) shows promise as a superior biomarker for detecting this damage compared to fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD).

More Related Videos

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

6.9K
Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:33

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Measuring Connectivity in the Primary Visual Pathway in Human Albinism Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography
13:26

Measuring Connectivity in the Primary Visual Pathway in Human Albinism Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography

Published on: August 11, 2016

12.7K
Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

6.9K
Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:33

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Primary glaucoma (PG) is a complex neurological disease affecting the entire visual pathway.
  • Conventional MRI often fails to detect early microstructural changes in the visual pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate microstructural visual pathway damage in primary glaucoma (PG) patients using 3 Tesla (3T) diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).
  • To assess the utility of DKI-derived parameters (mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean kurtosis (MK)) as biomarkers for glaucoma-related visual pathway damage.

Main Methods:

  • Ten PG patients and twenty healthy controls underwent 3T DKI MRI.
  • Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean kurtosis (MK) maps were generated.
  • DKI parameters were quantified for the optic nerves (ON), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), optic radiations (OR), and visual cortex (VCx).

Main Results:

  • No conventional MRI abnormalities were found in either group.
  • PG patients exhibited higher MD and lower FA and MK in the visual pathway compared to controls.
  • Significantly lower MK was observed in the ON, LGN, and VCx of PG patients.
  • Changes in the ON were the most pronounced.

Conclusions:

  • Glaucoma involves widespread neurological damage across the visual pathway.
  • Mean kurtosis (MK) derived from DKI shows potential as a superior biomarker for detecting microstructural damage in glaucoma compared to FA and MD.