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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
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Ambient air pollution and semen quality.

Carrie J Nobles1, Enrique F Schisterman1, Sandie Ha2

  • 1National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Epidemiology Branch, 6710B Rockledge Drive, MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Environmental Research
|February 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Air pollution may impact sperm head size and acrosome percentage, but generally does not affect overall semen quality in men with moderate exposure. Further research is needed to understand these specific effects.

Keywords:
Air pollutionReproductive healthSemen quality

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Ambient air pollution is linked to oxidative stress, potentially affecting sperm.
  • Previous studies have not clearly established a link between air pollution and semen quality.
  • This study investigates the association in men with moderate air pollution exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between ambient air pollution and semen quality parameters.
  • To identify specific air pollutants that may affect male reproductive health.
  • To assess the impact of moderate air pollution levels on semen quality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 467 male partners in the LIFE study who provided semen samples.
  • Estimated daily air pollutant exposure (fine particulates ≤2.5 µm) using air quality models for 72 days prior to ejaculation.
  • Employed generalized estimating equation models to analyze associations between pollutants and semen parameters, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Most associations between air pollutants and semen parameters were minor.
  • An increase in fine particulates (≤2.5 µm) was linked to decreased sperm head size (area, length, perimeter).
  • Fine particulates were also associated with a higher percentage of sperm heads with acrosome.

Conclusions:

  • Air pollution exposure was not associated with overall semen quality, except for sperm head parameters.
  • Moderate levels of ambient air pollution may not be a significant factor in overall semen quality reduction.
  • Specific effects on sperm head morphology warrant further investigation.