Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Followed by Primary Suture Using a Modified Bile Duct Incision
Published on: May 2, 2025
Small molecule metabolite biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombus diagnosis
Weifeng Tan1,2, Jingquan He3, Junliang Deng4
1Department of Biliary surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is a malignant disease. The most commonly used diagnosis methods for BDTT are MRCP/ERCP, ultrasonic diagnosis or CT scan. However, BDTT is often misdiagnosed as other bile duct diseases, such as extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC), choledochal cyst (Cyst) and common bile duct stone (Stone). Diagnostic methods, which are more accurate and less destructive, are urgently needed. In this paper, we analyzed the small molecule metabolites in the serum of BDTT, Stone, Cyst and EHCC patients and normal people using untargeted GC-MS, and identified 21 metabolites that show different levels among different samples. Using targeted UHPLC-QQQ-MS analysis, we found that several metabolites are significantly changed. ROC curve analysis revealed two metabolites, L-citrulline and D-aspartic acid, as potential biomarkers that can distinguish BDTT from other bile duct diseases.
Related Concept Videos
Bile
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts
Molecules and Compounds
Nursing Diagnosis
The nursing diagnosis focuses on evidence-based...
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I
There are thirteen domains...
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...

