German Value Set for the EQ-5D-5L
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026

A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research
Published on: August 16, 2017
Kristina Ludwig1,2, J-Matthias Graf von der Schulenburg3, Wolfgang Greiner4
1Health Economics and Health Care Management, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany. kristina.ludwig@uni-bielefeld.de.
Objectives:
The objective of this study was to develop a value set for EQ-5D-5L based on the societal preferences of the German population. As the first country to do so, the study design used the improved EQ-5D-5L valuation protocol 2.0 developed by the EuroQol Group, including a feedback module as internal validation and a quality control process that was missing in the first wave of EQ-5D-5L valuation studies.
Methods:
A representative sample of the general German population (n = 1158) was interviewed using a composite time trade-off and a discrete choice experiment under close quality control. Econometric modeling was used to estimate values for all 3125 possible health states described by EQ-5D-5L. The value set was based on a hybrid model including all available information from the composite time trade-off and discrete choice experiment valuations without any exclusions due to data issues.
Results:
The final German value set was constructed from a combination of a conditional logit model for the discrete choice experiment data and a censored at -1 Tobit model for the composite time trade-off data, correcting for heteroskedasticity. The value set had logically consistent parameter estimates (p < 0.001 for all coefficients). The predicted EQ-5D-5L index values ranged from -0.661 to 1.
Conclusions:
This study provided values for the health states of the German version of EQ-5D-5L representing the preferences of the German population. The study successfully employed for the first time worldwide the improved protocol 2.0. The value set enables the use of the EQ-5D-5L instrument in economic evaluations and in clinical studies.
Related Concept Videos
Setting Time of Cement
Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing
Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting
Long-Term Care Facilities
Alternative Sets of Equilibrium Equations
One example of such a situation can be observed in a...

