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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
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In classical mechanics, motion is often described through relationships between spatial coordinates and time. A car moving along a straight highway with constant acceleration serves as a simple case where velocity is an explicit function of time. This scenario results in a linear equation, enabling straightforward analysis using basic differentiation techniques.In contrast, a satellite in circular orbit follows a path defined by an implicit function. The position of the satellite is constrained...
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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Curves defined implicitly, where variables cannot be separated algebraically, require specialized techniques for analysis. The conchoid of Nicomedes exemplifies such a case. Its equation links x and y in a way that prevents isolation of one variable, making implicit differentiation essential to determine the slope and behavior at any point on the curve.The implicit form of the conchoid can be expressed as:To differentiate this equation, y is treated as a function of x, and the chain rule is...
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Elliptical arches are fundamental in architectural and structural engineering, offering aesthetic appeal and structural efficiency. The shape of an elliptical arch follows a constrained geometric relationship where the height and horizontal position are implicitly related. This means that the height y cannot be explicitly expressed as a function of the horizontal position x, necessitating implicit differentiation for slope and curvature analysis.The equation of an ellipse centered at the origin...
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Implicit personality theory explains how individuals make assumptions about the relationships between personality traits, behaviors, and character types. When people learn that someone possesses a particular trait, they tend to infer the presence of other related characteristics, forming a cohesive impression. This cognitive shortcut plays a crucial role in social interactions and interpersonal judgments.Central Traits and Their InfluenceSolomon Asch's seminal 1946 study highlighted the power...
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PrEP Stigma: Implicit and Explicit Drivers of Disparity.

Sarit A Golub1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. sgolub@hunter.cuny.edu.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|February 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

PrEP-related stigma hinders HIV prevention uptake, particularly in key populations. Addressing stigma in public health, policy, and research is crucial for equitable access and effective PrEP utilization.

Keywords:
HIV/AIDSImplementationPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)PreventionSexual healthStigma

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • HIV Prevention
  • Social Science

Background:

  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a key HIV prevention strategy.
  • PrEP uptake remains suboptimal, especially among priority populations.
  • Stigma associated with PrEP use is a significant barrier.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of PrEP-related stigma in PrEP access, adherence, and persistence.
  • To examine the antecedents and consequences of PrEP stigma.
  • To highlight the impact of stigma on PrEP implementation and disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PrEP-related stigma.
  • Analysis of stigma's influence on PrEP access, adherence, and persistence.
  • Examination of community, program, policy, and research-level stigma.

Main Results:

  • PrEP stigma is experienced at the community level and amplified by public health systems.
  • Stigma disproportionately affects disadvantaged groups, impeding PrEP scalability.
  • Provider and patient behaviors are influenced by PrEP stigma.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing PrEP stigma requires a paradigm shift in perspective, language, and programs.
  • Addressing stigma is essential for broader PrEP reach and utilization.
  • Overcoming stigma is critical to maximizing PrEP's impact on the HIV epidemic.