Invasive Infections Caused by Nannizziopsis spp. Molds in Immunocompromised Patients

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Clinical Microbiology

Background:

• Nannizziopsis species are emerging fungal pathogens, primarily known to cause infections in reptiles.
• Invasive Nannizziopsis infections in humans are rare, with limited documented cases globally.
• Immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk for opportunistic fungal infections.

Observation:

• Two distinct cases of invasive Nannizziopsis spp. mold infections were identified in France.
• Both affected patients presented with severe neurological complications, specifically cerebral abscesses.
• A shared epidemiological link of recent travel to Africa was noted for both patients.

Findings:

• The study confirms Nannizziopsis spp. as causative agents of invasive human infections, including central nervous system disease.
• Cerebral abscesses represent a significant clinical manifestation of Nannizziopsis infections in immunocompromised hosts.
• Recent travel to Africa may be associated with an increased risk of exposure to Nannizziopsis molds.

Implications:

• These cases expand the known geographic distribution and clinical spectrum of Nannizziopsis infections in humans.
• Clinicians should consider Nannizziopsis molds in the differential diagnosis of cerebral abscesses, particularly in immunocompromised patients with relevant travel history.
• Further research is warranted to understand the epidemiology, transmission, and optimal treatment strategies for Nannizziopsis infections in humans.